IMPORTANT BOOKS AND THEIR AUTHORS

Here I am Sharing list of few Very Important Books and Their respective Authors :

Collection of important books and their Authors 

A Suitable Boy- Vikram Seth
A Voice For Freedom -NayantaraSaigal
A Week with Gandhi -Louis Fisher
A Woman's Life -Guy deMaupassaut
Age of Reason -Jean PaulSartre
Asian Drama- GunnarMyrdal
The Bubble -Mulk RajAnand
Ben Hur -Lewis Wallace
Baburnama -Babur
Ben Hur- Lewis Wallace
Bhagwat Gita -Ved Vyas
Bisarjan -R.N.Tagore
Canterbury Tales -Chaucer
Chitra -R.N.Tagore
Count of MonteCristo-Alexander Dumas Crime andPunishment -Dostoevsky
Comedy of Errors -William Shakespeare
Communist Manifesto -Karl Marx
Confessions- Jean JacquesRousseau
The Court Dancer -RabindraNath Tagore Death of a City -AmritaPritam
Decline and Fall ofthe Roman-Edward
Das Kapital -Karl Marx
Divine Comedy- Dante
Dr.Jekyll andMr.Hyde- Stevenson
Don Quixote - Cervantes
Dr.Zhivago -BorisPasternak
The Castle -Franz Kalka
Chandalika -RabindraNath Tagore
The Class -Erich Byron
The Clown -Heinrich Boll
Essays of Gita -Sir Aurobindo Ghosh
French Revolution -Thomas Carlyle Ganadevata- Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Glimpses of World History-Jawaharlal Nehru
The Godfather- Mario Puzo
Grammar of Politics -Harold T.Laski
Guide -R.K.Narayan
Hindu View of Life -Dr.S.Radha Krishnan Hungry Stones -RabindraNath Tagore
India Divided -Dr.RajendraPrasad
Jurassik Park -Michael Crichton Kidnapped- Robert LouisStevenson Richard Nixon Leader Mahatma Gandhi -Romain Rolland
The Masters -C.P.Shaw
My Truth -Indira Gandhi
Old Man and the Sea-Earnest Hemingway
The Other Side of Midnight-Sindye Sheldon
Pride and Prejudice -Jane Austen
Shape of Things toCome- H.G.Wells
Sons and Lovers -D.H. Lawrence Treasure Island -R.L. Stevenson
Valley of Dolls -Jacqueline Susann
Wealth of Nations -Adam Smith
My experiments with Truth-Mahatma M.K.Gandhi
Far from theMadding Crowd- Thomas Hardy
Geetanjali -RabindraNath Tagore
One Day in the Lifeof Ivan Denisovitch-Alexander Solzhenitsyn
The Merchant of venice- William Shakespeare
The Moon and Sixpense- Somerset Maughan
A Tale of Two Cities- Charles Dickens Utopia- Sir ThomasMoor
Origin of species -charles Darwin
David Copperfield- CharlesDickens
A passage to India -E.M.Forster
Gulliver's Travels -Jonathan Swift Discovery of India-Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
The Vicar ofvWakefield- Oliver Goldsmith
The Decline and Fallof the Roman Empire-Edward Gibbon
The Lady of the LastMinstrel-Sir Walter Scott
Pride and Prejudice -Jane Austen
Time Machine -H.G. Wells
Arthashastra -Kautilya
Le Contract Social-Jean JacquesRousseau
Avigyan Sakuntalam- Kalidas
Anand Math-Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay
Mein Kampf -Adolf Hitler
Ain-i-Akbari -Abul Fazal
Akbar-Nama -Abul Fazal
Shakuntala -Kalidas
War and peace -Leo Tolstoy
A Dangerous place- D.P.Moynihan
Raghuvamsa -Kalidas
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes-Arthur Conan Doyle
Adventures of TomSaweyer- Mark Twain Agni Veena Kazi- NasrulIslam
Alice in Wonderland- Lewis Carrol
Ancient Mariner -Coleridge
Animal Farm -George Orwell
Anna Karenina -Tolstoy
Antony andCleopatra -Shakespeare
Arms and the Man - G.B.Shaw
Around the World ineighty days -Jules Verne
For whom the BellTolls-Ernest Hemingway
Forsyte Saga- JohnGalsworthy
Freedom at Midnight- DominiqueLapierre Gathering Storm- WinstonChurchill
Geet Govind -Jaya Dev
Gora - R.N. Tagore
Hamlet -Shakespeare
Harsha Charit -Bana Bhatt
Hunchback of NotreDame -Victor Hugo Hungry Stones -R.N.Tagore
Illiad - Homer
Invisible Man- H.G.Wells
Ivanhoe - Walter Scott
Jungle Book -Rudyard Kipling
Kadambari - Bana Bhatt
Kidnapped- R.L. Stevenson
King Lear -Shakespeare
Kumar Sambhav- Kalidas
Last Days of Pompeii-Bulwar Lytton
Les Miserable -Victor Hugo
Life Divine -Shri Aurobind
Mahabharata - Vyas
Man and Superman -G.B.Shaw
Meghdut -Kalidas
Mother- Maxim Gorky
Odyssey - Homer
Oliver Twist -Charles Dickens
Othello -Shakespeare
Panchatantra -Vishnu Sharma
Paradise lost - John Milton
Pickwick Papers -Charles Dickens85 Plague -Albert Camus
The Post Office- R.N.Tagore
Principia- IssacNewton
Ramayana- Valmiki
Robinson Crusoe- Daniel Defoe
Shah Nama - Firdausi
Shape of things tocome- H.G.Wells
Three Musketeers -AlexanderDumas
The Tempest -Shakespeare94 Tom Sawyer- Mark Twain
Treasure Island -R.L. Stevenson
Ulysses- James Joyce
Uncle Tom's Cabin -Mrs.HarrietStowe98 Waste Land -T.S.Eliot
Nineteen Eighty four -George Orwell
Sunny Days- Sunil Gavaskar
Faust -Goethe
Arabian Nights -Sir Richard Burton
The City of Joy -Dominique Lapierre
The One Day Wonders -Sunil Gavaskar
Silas Marner -George Eliot
Bachelor of Arts- R.K.Narayan China Passage-John Kenneth Galbraith.

IMPORTANT AND COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS

List of Few important and commonly used Abbreviations :
☀ ☀ ☀ ☀ ☀ ☀ ☀ ☀☀ ☀ ☀

  B . P. — Blood Pressure
  Mr. — Mister

  Mrs. — Mistress

  M.S. — miss (used for female married & unmarried)

  Miss — used before unmarried girls)

  M. P. — Member of Parliament

  M. L. A. — Member of Legislative Assembly

  M. L. C.  — Member of Legislative Council

  P. M. — Prime Minister

  C. M. — Chief Minister

  C-in-C — Commander-In-Chief

  L. D. C. — Lower Division Clerk

  U. D. C. — Upper Division Clerk

  Lt. Gov. — Lieutenant Governor

  D. M. — District Magistrate

  V. I. P. — Very Important Person

  I. T. O. — Income Tax Officer

  C. I. D. — Criminal Investigation Department

  C/o — Care of

  S/o — Son of

  C. B. I. — Central Bureau of Investigation

  G. P. O. — General Post Office

  H. Q. — Head Quarters

  E. O. E. — Errors and Omissions Excepted

  Kg. — Kilogram

  Kw. — Kilowatts

  Gm. — Gram

  Km. — Kilometer

  Ltd. — Limited

  M. P. H. — Miles Per Hour

  KM. P. H. — Kilometre Per Hour

  P. T. O. — Please Turn Over

  P. W. D. — Public Works Department

  C. P. W. D. — Central Public Works Department

  U. S. A. — United States of America

  U. K. — United Kingdom (England)

  U. P. — Uttar Pradesh

  M. P. — Madhya Pradesh

  H. P. — Himachal Pradesh

  U. N. O. — United Nations Organization

  W. H. O. — World Health Organization

  B. B. C. — British Broadcasting Corporation

  B. C. — Before Christ

  A. C. — Air Conditioned

  I. G. — Inspector General (of Police)

  D. I. G. — Deputy Inspector General (of Police)

  S.    S. P. — Senior Superintendent of Police

  D. S. P. — Deputy Superintendent of Police

  S. D. M. — Sub-Divisional Magistrate

  S. M. — Station Master

  A. S. M. — Assistant Station Master

  V. C. — Vice-Chancellor

  A. G. — Accountant General

  C. R. — Confidential Report

  I. A. S. — Indian Administrative Service

  I. P. S. — Indian Police Service

  I. F. S. — Indian Foreign Service or Indian
Forest Service

I. R. S. — Indian Revenue Ser vice

  P. C. S. — Provincial Civil Service

  M. E. S. — Military  Engineering Service

Full Form Of Some technical Words :

VIRUS - Vital Information Resource
UnderSeized.
3G -3rd Generation.
GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communication.
CDMA - Code Divison Multiple
Access.
UMTS - Universal MobileTelecommunication
System.
SIM - Subscriber Identity Module .
AVI = Audio Video Interleave
RTS = Real Time Streaming
SIS = Symbian

OS Installer File :

AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
JAR = Java Archive
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP = 3rd Generation Project
MP3 = MPEG player lll
MP4 = MPEG-4 video file
AAC = Advanced Audio Coding
GIF= Graphic InterchangeableFormat
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
BMP = Bitmap
SWF = Shock Wave Flash
WMV = Windows Media Video
WMA = Windows Media Audio
WAV = Waveform Audio
PNG = Portable Network Graphics
DOC =Document (MicrosoftCorporation)
PDF = Portable Document Format
M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)
THM = Themes (Sony Ericsson)
MMF =
Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT = Nokia Ringtone
XMF = Extensible Music File
WBMP = Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX = DivX Video
HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
WML =
Wireless Markup Language
CD -Compact Disk.
DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.
DAT - Digital Audio Tape.
DOS - Disk Operating System.
GUI -Graphical
User Interface

KINNAUR HIMACHAL PRADESH

About Kinnaur :
                       Kinnaur is a disrict of himachal pradesh in India, It is one the most beautiful place  located in the Himalayas. Kinnaur is situated in south eastern part of Himachal Pradesh. Kinnaur became the sixth district of hImachal pradesh departed from the Mahasu district in 1960.

Geographical 
                    Kinnaur comes in the Greater Himalayas zone altitude ranging from 4500m to greater,The highest peak lies in kinnaur named "Shila" with hight of 7025m
And second highest peak "Liyo Parijal" with hight of 6791m. Famous peak "kinnaur Kailash" with hight of 6500m is located kinnaur.

Most Popular in Kinnaur:

1.kalpa (2670m) :
                                Kalpa is located along the Indo-Tibet Road. It was the favourite place of Lord Dalhousie in 19th century. Ancient name of kalpa is "chinni".

Mountain View from Kalpa

kalpa village at winters

Monastery at Kalpa

       

      Hotels In kalpa :

                                       1. Hotel Inner Tukpa                         2.  Hotel Kinnar Kailash                                                                  3. Hotel Apple Pie                             4.  Hotel Grand Shangrilla                                                               5. Hotel Blue Lotus                           6. Chinni banglow  

    

  

Hotel Kinner Kailash 

                                                                


2. Sangla- Chitkul (2800m- 3450 m) :

     Beauty of kinnaur can be seen in the Chitkul.Is is last village of kinnaur district.

     Chitkul is about 3450m and it is the last villagr of kinnaur. There is oldest temple created about  500 years ago.

      Tourist places :

             1. Kamru tample fort 

Kamru Fort

            2. Chitkul 
       

Chilkul village

Baspa River at chitkul village

Chitkul in winter

3. Nako Lake(3662m)

        Nako is  2km from hangrang valley and 105 km from kalpa. The famous Nako lakr is also in this village. This village is situated on highest altitude in this valley.

Nako Village and lake

 4. Pooh

5. Ribba(2745m)

                        It is situated 14 km distance from Moorang. Ribba is alsi the one of the high population density village in kinnaur. It is famous for Angoori wine.

Ribba in winters

     

Ribba Enterance

6. Kothi

            It is famous for" godess Shuwang Chandika Temple".

How to Reach :

By Bus From respective I.S.B.Ts :

•  Delhi 
• Chandigarh 
• Shimla

Entrance to kinnuar

Distace from Various Destinations :

1.  Delhi - Reckong Peo                558 Km
2.  Delhi - Kalpa                            568 Km
3. Shimla - Kalpa  (New ISBT)     260 Km
4. Chandigarh- Kalpa                     347 Km

WHAT IS HIMACHAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AND ITS EXAM PATTERNS IN DETAILS

Today I am Sharing WHAT IS HIMACHAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES (HPAS),  its very essential for an individual to know about it before planning for its exam Preparation :

HPAS or Himachal Pradesh administrative services exam is one of the most toughest exams of Himachal Pradesh. HPAS is conducted every year for the purpose of giving entry to the successful candidates into the administrative services of Himachal Pradesh. Mainly, HPAS is conducted for the posts of SDM and Tehsildar in the State. 
To clear this exam and to make an entry to the administrative services of the state is the dream of every individual. But to clear this is exam is not an easy nut to crack as competition is very tough. To clear the HPAS exam, it's mandatory that one should first know the detailed pattern of the exam before planning the preparation of HPAS exam.

Pattern of "HPASm exam :

The pattern of HPAS has been changed from the last year. Now there is a significant change in the pattern of the exam. Let's discuss the whole pattern of the HPAS exam in detail. HPAS exam consists of three parts, i.e. Preliminary exam, Mains exam and personal interview.

We already studied about pattern of HPAS EXAM in our earlier post,  here again I am describing it..
Pattern of HPAS preliminary exam :

The most significant change in the HPAS exam is that it has totally changed the pattern of HPAS preliminary exam. HPAS preliminary exam is now divided into two papers. Paper one HPAS preliminary exam consists of General studies whereas paper two is of general aptitude. Pattern of both the papers will be objective type. The each paper consists of 100 objective questions. Each paper has maximum marks 200.
The qualified candidates only from HPAS preliminary exam are eligible for the HPAS mains exam. 

Pattern of "HPAS" Mains Exam :

The pattern of HPAS main exam is similar to earlier pattern. The whole pattern of HPAS mains exam can be divided into compulsory and optional subjects. 

1. Compulsory subjects of HPAS mains exam- There are four compulsory papers of HPAS mains exam. 
a) English
b) Hindi
c) General studies
d) Essay writing
The subjects English and Hindi are of qualifying nature and have maximum scoring of 100 marks each. To qualify, candidate has to score minimum of 40% in the individual subject and to an aggregate of minimum 45% in the both subjects.
The maximum marks allotted for general studies are 150 and while maximum marks for essay writing are 100.

2. Optional subjects for HPAS mains exam- Candidate appearing in the HPAS mains exam has to opt two optional subjects from the given list of 30 subjects. Each optional subject of the HPAS main is divided into two papers. So, the candidate has to give a total of 4 papers of 150 marks each.
Here is the list of the optional subjects for HPAS-
Law
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Philosophy
Physics
Political science
Psychology
Public Administration
Sanskrit
Sociology
Statistics
Urdu
Zoology
Management
Forestry
Horticulture
Medical Science
Animal Husbandry 
Anthropology 
Botany 
Chemistry 
Civil Engineering 
Commerce & Accountancy 
Economics 
Electrical Engineering 
English Literature 
Geography 
Geology 
Hindi Literature
History

However, a candidate can't opt the following given combination of the optional subjects for HPAS mains exam.

1. A candidate can't opt Mathematics and Statistics.

2. From all the given subjects of engineering, a candidate is allowed to take only one subject. In simple language, a candidate can take only one subject from mechanical, electrical or civil engineering.

3. A candidate can take only one out of the following given languages; Hindi, English, Literature, Urdu and Sanskrit.

4. A candidate can take only one subject from animal husbandry and agriculture and veterinary sciences.

5. A student can't take Anthropology and Sociology concurrently.

6. Candidate can take only one subject from the international relations, public administration and political sciences.

7. A candidate can opt only one from accountancy, commerce and management.

8. Candidate can't opt Public administration and management concurrently.

9. A candidate also can't take forestry and horticulture simultaneously for HPAS mains.

10. Combination of Horticulture, agriculture and animal husbandry and veterinary sciences is also not allowed in the HPAS mains exam.

11. Combination of Forestry, agriculture and animal husbandry & veterinary sciences is also prohibited in the HPAS mains exam.

Personal Interview in HPAS exam

Personal interview is the final hurdle of the HPAS exam. Candidates three times the vacancy are called for the interview. Candidates are selected on the basis of marks scored in the HPAS mains exam. The personal interview has no fixed duration but the maximum marks for the interview are fixed and of 150 marks.

KINNAUR HIMACHAL PRADESH

About Kinnaur :

                       Kinnaur is a disrict of himachal pradesh in India, It is one the most beautiful place  located in the Himalayas. Kinnaur is situated in south eastern part of Himachal Pradesh. Kinnaur became the sixth district of hImachal pradesh departed from the Mahasu district in 1960.

Geographical  :

                    Kinnaur comes in the Greater Himalayas zone altitude ranging from 4500m to greater,The highest peak lies in kinnaur named "Shila" with hight of 7025m And second highest peak "Liyo Parijal" with hight of 6791m. Famous peak "kinnaur Kailash" with hight of 6500m is located kinnaur.

Most Popular in Kinnaur:

1.kalpa (2670m) :

                         Kalpa is located along the Indo-Tibet Road. It was the favourite place of Lord Dalhousie in 19th century. Ancient name of kalpa is "chinni".

Mountain View from Kalpa

kalpa village at winters

Monastery at Kalpa

       

      Hotels In kalpa :

1. Hotel Inner Tukpa                         2.  Hotel Kinnar Kailash                              3. Hotel Apple Pie                             4.  Hotel Grand Shangrilla                           5. Hotel Blue Lotus                           6. Chinni banglow  

    

  

Hotel Kinner Kailash

                                                                


2. Sangla- Chitkul (2800m- 3450 m) :

     Beauty of kinnaur can be seen in the Chitkul.Is is last village of kinnaur district.

     Chitkul is about 3450m and it is the last villagr of kinnaur. There is oldest temple created about  500 years ago.

      Tourist places :

             1. Kamru tample fort 

Kamru Fort

            2. Chitkul 
       

Chilkul village

Baspa River at chitkul village

Chitkul in winter

3. Nako Lake(3662m)

        Nako is  2km from hangrang valley and 105 km from kalpa. The famous Nako lakr is also in this village. This village is situated on highest altitude in this valley.

Nako Village and lake

 4. Pooh

5. Ribba(2745m)

                        It is situated 14 km distance from Moorang. Ribba is alsi the one of the high population density village in kinnaur. It is famous for Angoori wine.

Ribba in winters

     

Ribba Enterance

6. Kothi

            It is famous for" godess Shuwang Chandika Temple".

How to Reach :

By Bus From respective I.S.B.Ts :

·          Delhi 

·         Chandigarh 

·         Shimla

Entrance to kinnuar

Distace from Various Destinations :

1.  Delhi - Reckong Peo                558 Km
2.  Delhi - Kalpa                            568 Km
3. Shimla - Kalpa  (New ISBT)     260 Km
4. Chandigarh- Kalpa                     347 Km